EndNote 21.2.17387 for ios download1/1/2024 ![]() Both resilient and susceptible fish started with searching and freezing behaviors, with searching decreasing and freezing increasing after repeated social defeat. Behavior was quantified by watching fish during defeat trials and used to distinguish resilient and susceptible individuals. We used a resident–intruder experiment in the African cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni to investigate the behavior and neural correlates of these two opposing groups. It also remains unknown whether exclusive use of reactive behaviors after repeated social defeat is maintained over time and impacts future behaviors during subsequent contests. However, little is known about what neural mechanisms are involved in determining whether an individual is resilient or susceptible to repeated social defeat stress. For example, repeated social defeat in vertebrates results in reduced reproductive success, sickness and behavioral abnormalities that threaten individual survival and species persistence. ![]() Social defeat is a powerful experience leading to drastic changes in physiology and behavior, many of which are negative.
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